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The Yusufeli Dam is an on the Çoruh River near in within the eastern region of . The Yusufeli Dam will be the second largest dam within the larger Çoruh River Development Plan, which plans to build 13 dams, of which two are operational and another two are under construction. The dam's main purpose is power production and it will support a 540 MW power station. The dam is controversial because of its projected impact on the biodiversity within its reservoir area along with the relocation of the locals.

On February 26, 2013, the foundation stone was laid in a ceremony attended by Minister of Forestry and Waterworks Veysel Eroğlu and Minister of Labor and Social Security Faruk Çelik. It is expected that the construction of the dam will cost 487 million (approx. US$270 million). The dam's opening date was initially set to May 29, 2018. In 2018, the expected opening date was pushed back to 2021, and the dam finally became operational at the end of 2022. As of 2023, Yusufeli Dam is the highest dam in Turkey and the 9th tallest dam in the world.


History
The first studies on the Yusufeli Dam were carried out in the 1970s and it was included in the Coruh River Hydropower Development Master Plan in 1982. The feasibility report was completed in 1986 and the project was added to the national plan in 1997.


Design
Situated southwest of , the Yusufeli will be a double-curvature arch dam with a height of from its foundation and from the river's (lowest point of river bed). It will have a crest length of and crest width of while being composed of of concrete.

The dam's crest will sit at an altitude of above sea level while the normal operating level of its reservoir will be , maximum will be and the minimum . The reservoir surface area of will have a total storage capacity of and an active or "useful" storage of . The dam's spillway will be a service controlled chute type with a maximum discharge capacity of .

The dam will have an underground power station that is long, wide and high. Within the power station will be 3 x 180 MW vertical shaft .

Design activities will be carried out by Su-Yapi Engineering and Consulting Inc.

Construction is to be carried out by a --Kolin consortium.


Relocation of residents
In April 2023 the reservoir behind the dam began filling, thus submerging the town of Yusufeli, population 7000. The residents were relocated by the government to newly built apartment blocks nearby.


Projected biological impacts
If built, Yusufeli Dam is expected to have significant biological impacts including:

  • Adversely affecting 21 nationally listed threatened plant species, (including ) of which all except one are to Turkey. Of these threatened species 2 are limited to and its surroundings, 8 are limited to the Çoruh Valley, and 6 to the - area. Turkish Red Book for Plants shows that of these, 7 species are critically endangered, 5 are endangered and 9 are vulnerable.Ekim, T, Koyuncu, M, Vural, M, Duman, H, Aytac, Z & Adiguzel, N 2000, Türkiye Bitkileri Kırmızı Kitabi – Red Data Book of Turkish Plants, Türkiye Tabiatını Koruma Derneği – Turkish Association for the Conservation of Nature, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Adversely affecting 12 nationally listed threatened mammal species including the; ( Capra aegagrus), ( Rupicapra rupicapra), ( Sciurus anomalus), ( Dryomys nitedula), ( Ursus arctos), ( Meles meles), ( Canis lupus), Mediterranean horseshoe bat ( Rhinolophus euryale), lesser horseshoe bat ( Rhinolophus hipposideros), greater mouse-eared bat ( Myotis myotis), Schreibers’ bat ( Miniopterus schreibersii) and ( Pipistrellus pipistrellus). Of these species the Mediterranean bat and wild goat are internationally listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
  • Adversely affecting 2 nationally threatened fish species, the Black Sea ( Salmo trutta labrax) and brown ( Salmo trutta macrostigma). The Black Sea salmon's migration will be blocked because of this and the other planned and built dams. Existing populations of fish will be adversely affected by the construction of the dam and another 6 species populations may not recover due to the reduction of creek and river habitat needed for breeding.
  • Potentially adversely affecting 5 and 1 regionally rare species ( poseidon, Pseudophilotes vicrama, , Scolitantides orion, Thymelicus acteon, and Onychogomphus assimilis) of which 2 ( Pyrgus cirsii and Onychogomphus assimilis) are listed in the IUCN Red List.Eken G, Bozdogan M, I˙sfendiyaroglu S, Kılıç DT & Lise Y, (editor) 2006, Key biodiversity areas in Turkey, Doga Dernegi, Ankara, Turkey.

+Nationally rare plants threatened by the Yusufeli Dam
Reseda globosaNoCritically endangeredCoruh Valley
woronowiiEndemicCritically endangeredCoruh Valley
merviniiEndemicCritically endangeredYusufeli & its vicinity
calcarea var calcareaEndemicCritically endangeredArtvin-Erzurum
Anthemis calcarea var discoideaEndemicCritically endangeredArtvin-Erzurum
straminicephalaEndemicCritically endangeredCoruh Valley
Centaurea leptophyllaEndemicCritically endangeredYusufeli & its vicinity
Clypeola raddeanaEndemicEndangeredCoruh Valley
persica var decussatifoliaEndemicEndangeredArtvin-Erzurum
troegeraeƒEndemicEndangeredArtvin-Erzurum
gracilescensEndemicEndangeredCoruh Valley
virgataEndemicEndangeredCoruh Valley
Acer divergens var divergensEndemicVulnerableCoruh Valley
staintoniiEndemicVulnerableCoruh Valley
Seseli andronakiiEndemicVulnerableArtvin-Erzurum
brachiatumEndemicVulnerableMiddle & East Blacksea
Bupleurum schistosumEndemicVulnerableCoruh Valley
Centaurea pechoEndemicVulnerableEast Blacksea
Centaurea hedgeiEndemicVulnerableArtvin-Erzurum
genistifolia subsp artivinensisEndemicVulnerableCoruh Valley
Iris taochiaEndemicVulnerableEast Blacksea


See also

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